Contents page

4.1 References

NOTE: Most of the titles added since publication of The Antidepressant Web have the main author's name in blue type, as do many reports of withdrawal reactions following discontinuation from SSRIs. Click on these for a brief review.

ADRAC - Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee, Maternal SSRI use and neonatal effects, 2003 August, 22, 4, 14

M.W. Agelink, A Zitselsberger, E. Kleiser, Withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of Venlafaxine (letter), Am. J. Psychiatry, 154, 10, October 1997, 1473-1474.

American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd edition, Washington DC: APA, 1980.

- Task Force on Benzodiazepine Dependency. Benzodiazepine Dependence, Toxicity, and Abuse. Washington DC: APA, 1990.

- Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, Washington DC: APA, 1994.

- (Online public information), Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), published April 1997 at http://www.psych.org/public-info/ECT~1.HTM

G.W. Amsden, F. Georgian, Orthostatic hypotension induced by sertraline withdrawal, Pharmacotherapy, 1996, 16, 4, 684-686.

I.M. Anderson, B.M. Tomenson, Treatment discontinuation with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with tricyclic anti-depressants: a meta-analysis. Brit Med J 1995; 310, 3 June: 1433-8.

D.O. Antonuccio, W.G.  Danton, G.Y.  DeNelsky, R.P. Greenberg,  J. S.  Gordon, Raising Questions about Antidepressants, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 1999, 68:1, 3-14.

W.S.Appleton, Prozac and the new antidepressants, New York: Plum, 1997.

P. F. D'Arcy, Epidemiological aspects of iatrogenic disease, in P.F. D'Arcy and J.P. Griffin (eds), Iatrogenic Diseases (3^rd Ed), Oxford: OUP, 1986), 29-58.

D.K. Arya, Withdrawal after discontinuation of paroxetine (letter), Aust NZ J Psychiatry, October 1996, 30 (5), 702

M. Åsberg, D. Schalling, L Traskman-Bendz, A. Wagner, Psychobiology of suicide, impulsivity, and related phenomena, in H.Y. Melzer, eds., Psychopharmacology: the third generation of progress, New York: Raven Press, 1987, 655-668.

H. Ashton, Dangers and medico-legal aspects of benzodiazepines, J. Med. Defence Union, Summer 1987, 6-8.

H. Ashton, A.H. Young, N. Ferrier, Psychopharmacology revisited, (comment on Healy and Tranter, 1999) J Psychopharmacol., 1999, 13(3), 296-298.

Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), Compendium of Data Sheets and Summaries of Product Characteristics 1996/97, London: Datapharm publications, 1996.

F.J. Ayd, Recognising the depressed patient, with essentials of management and treatment, New York, Grune, 1961

- The discovery of antidepressants, interview with D. Healy in The Psychopharmacologists, London: Chapman & Hall (Altman), 1996, 179

- Lexicon for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neuroscience, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1996(b)

L. Baer, J. Ricciardi, N. Keuthen, A.R. Pettit, M.L. Buttolph, M. Otto, W. Minichiello, M.A. Jenike, Discontinuing obsessive-compulsive disorder medication with behavior therapy (letter), Am. J. Psychiatry, December 1994, 151 (12), 1842.

Baker & Taylor Books’ Database (CD-ROM), Bibliography Report, Momence, Illinois: Baker & Taylor, November 1996.

A. Bakker, Severe withdrawal symptoms with fever upon stopping paroxetine (letter, in Dutch), Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 28 August 1999, 143(35), 1795, discussion 1795-6.

R.J. Baldessarini, Drugs and the treatment of psychiatric disorders, in L.S. Goodman, A. Gilman, eds., The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (6th Edition). New York: Macmillan, 1980, 435.

R.J. Baldessarini, A.C. Viguera, L.Tondo, Discontinuing psychotropic agents, (comment on Healy and Tranter, 1999) J Psychopharmacol., 1999, 13(3), 292-293.

R.J. Baldessarini, A.C. Viguera, Relapse of depressive symptoms after discontinuing sertraline (letter, plus response), JAMA, July 28 1999, 282(4), 323-324

T.A. Ban, They used to call it psychiatry, interview with D. Healy in The Psychopharmacologists, London: Chapman & Hall (Altman), 1996, 589.

C Barbui, M. Hotopf, Forty years of antidepressant drug trials (review article), Acta Psychiatr. Scand, 2001, 104, 92-95.

L.C. Barr, W.K. Goodman, L.H. Price, Physical symptoms associated with paroxetine discontinuation (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1994 Feb, 151 (2), 289.

G. Beaumont, The place of clomipramine in psychopharmcology, interview with D. Healy in The Psychopharmacologists, London: Chapman & Hall (Altman), 1996, 327.

C.M. Beasley, B.E. Dornseif, J.C. Bosomworth, M.E. Sayler, A.H. Rampey, J.H. Heiligstein et al., Fluoxetine and suicide: a meta-analysis of controlled trials of treatment for depression, Brit. Med. J, 1991, 303, 685-692.

C.M. Beasley, Suicidality with fluoxetine, CNS Drugs 1998, 9, 513-514.

L. Belloeuf, C. Le Jeunne, F.C. Hugues, Paroxetine withdrawal syndrome [Article in French], Ann Med Interne (Paris) 2000 Apr;151 Suppl A:A52-3.

F. Benazzi, Venlafaxine withdrawal symptoms, Can. J. Psychiatry, September 1996, 41, 487.     SSRI discontinuation syndrome related to fluvoxamine, J Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 1998, 23, (2), 94.   Nefazodone withdrawal symptoms, Can. J. Psychiatry, March 1998, 43:2, 194-195. SSRI discontinuation syndrome treated with fluoxetine [letter], Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1998 June, 13:6, 421-2. Sertraline discontinuation syndrome presenting with severe depression and compulsions, Biol. Psychiatry, 1998, 43, 929-930

C.S. Berlin, Fluoxetine withdrawal symptoms. J Clin Psychiatry 1996 Feb, 57 (2), 93-4.

S. Bhuamik, H.J. Wildgust, Treatment outcomes including withdrawal phenomena with fluoxetine and paroxetine in patients with learning disabilities suffering from affective disorders (Letter), Human Psychopharmacology, 1996, 11, 337-338.

D.W. Black, R. Wesner, J. Gabel.,The abrupt discontinuation of fluvoxamine in patients with panic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 1993 Apr, 54 (4), 146-9

K, Black, C. Shea, S. Dursun, S Kutcher, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome: proposed diagnostic criteria, J Psychiatry Neuroscience, 2000, 25(3), 255-261.

Blacker R, Clare A. Depressive disorder in primary care, Br. J. Psychiatry, 1987, 150, 737-751

B. Blackwell, J.S. Simon, Antidepressant Drugs, in M.N.G. Dukes, ed., Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs, 11th ed., Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1988, 27-76.

M. Bloch, S.V. Stager, A.R. Braun, D.R. Rubinow, Severe psychiatric symptoms associated with paroxetine withdrawal. Lancet 1995 Jul 1, 346 (8966), 57.

S.L. Blomgren, W. Krebs, M. Wilson, R. Ascroft R, M. Fava M, J. Rosenbaum, SSRI Dose Interruption Study: Interim Data, American Psychiatric Association, 150th-Annual-Meeting, San-Diego, 1997

BMJ (Anon), Today’s drugs - Drugs of Addiction 2, Brit. Med. J., 31 October 1964, 1119-1120.

BMJ (Anon), Benzodiazepine addicts to sue, Brit. Med. J., 26 January 1991, 302, 2000.

BNF - Joint Formulary Committee, British National Formulary, London British Medical Association, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, published twice yearly.

F. Bogetto, S. Bellino, R.B. Revello, L. Patria: Discontinuation syndrome in dysthymic patients with SSRIs: a clinical investigation, CNS Drugs, 2002, 16, 4, 273-283

S. Boseley, Medical studies 'rubbish', The Guardian, 24 June 1998, 5

-    Drug firm issues addiction warning, The Guardian, 23 January 2002, 5

I.W. Boyd, Venlafaxine withdrawal reactions, Med. J. Aust., 1998, July 20, 169(2), 91-92

M. Bracewell, Escape Capsule, The Observer (Life section), 7 November 1993, 30-31.

P.R. Breggin, A case of fluoxetine-induced stimulant side-effects with suicidal ideation associated with a possible withdrawal reaction ("crashing"), Int. J. Risk & Safety in Medicine, 1992, 3, 325-328.

P.R. Breggin, G.R. Breggin, Talking back to Prozac, New York: St. Martin’s, 1994. 

P. Brunel, T. Vial, I. Roche, E. Bertolotti, J.C. Evreux: Follow-up of 151 pregnant women exposed to antidepressant treatment (excluding MAOIs) during organogenesis (translation of title in French), Therapie, March-April 1994, 49 (2), 117-122.

C. Bryois, C Rubin, J.D.Zbinden, P. Baumann [Withdrawal syndrome caused by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: apropos of a case]. In German. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax, 4 March 1998, 87:10, 345-348.

R. Byck, Drugs and the treatment of psychiatric disorders, in L.S. Goodman, A. Gilman, eds., The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (5th Edition). New York: Macmillan, 1975, 187.

S.E. Byrne, A.J. Rothschild, Loss of antidepressant efficacy during maintenance therapy: possible mechanisms and treatments. J. Clin. Psychiatry 1998, 59, 279-288.

A. Campomori, P. Brambilla, C. Barbui: Safety of Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors, Unpublished review, 1999

E.J. Carrazana, R.A. Rivas-Vazquez, J.A. Rey, G.J. Rey, SSRI discontinuation and buspirone, Am J Psychiatry, June 2001, 158 (6), 966-967

R. Castañeda, R. Levy, L.M. Westreich, et al., Drug craving and other negative reactions after abrupt substitution of nefazodone for other serotonergic agents. J Clin Psychiatry 1996 Oct, 57 (10), 485-6.

C.D. Chambers, K.A. Johnson, L.M. Dick, R.J. Felix, K.L. Jones, Birth outcomes in pregnant women taking fluoxetine, New Eng J Medicine, 3 October 1996, 335, 14, 1010-1015.

G. Chouinard, B. Saxena, M-C Bélanger, A. Ravindran, D. Bakish, L. Beauclair, P. Morris, N.P. Vasavan Nair, R. Manchanda, R. Reesal, R. Remick, M.C. O'Neill: A Canadian multicenter, double-blind study of paroxetine and fluoxetine in major depressive disorder, J. Affective Disorders, 54, 1999, 39-48.

J.O. Cole, Therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant drugs, A review. J.A.M.A. 1964 Nov 2, 190 (5), 124-131

- Evaluation of psychotropic drugs, interview in D. Healy, The Psychopharmacologists, London: Chapman & Hall (Altman), 1996.

Committee on the Review of Medicines, Systematic Review of the Benzodiazepines. Br Med J. 29 March 1980, 910-912.

Committee on Safety of Medicines, Annual Reports, London: Medicines Commission/Department of Health, 1987-1992.

Committee on Safety of Medicines, Medicines Control Agency, Benzodiazepines, Dependence and withdrawal symptoms, Current Problems in Pharmacovigilance, No 21. London: CSM/MCA, January 1988, 1-2.

- Fluvoxamine (Faverin): Adverse reaction profile. Current Problems in Pharmacovigilance, No 22, May 1988, 1-2.

- Dystonia and withdrawal symptoms with paroxetine (Seroxat). Current Problems in Pharmacovigilance 1993, February, 19, 1.

- Views on the Yellow Card scheme, July 1995, 21, 8.

- Adverse Drug Reactions Online Information Tracking (ADROIT) Drug Analysis Prints, 26 March 1997.

G.L. Cooper, The safety of fluoxetine - an update, Br J Psychiatry, 1988, 153 (suppl 3), 77-86

A. Coppen, Biological psychiatry in Britain, interview in D. Healy, The Psychopharmacologists, London: Chapman & Hall (Altman), 1996, 279, 265-286.

J. Cornwell, The Power to Harm - mind, medicine and murder on trial, London: Viking, 1996.

Costei AM, Kozer E, Ho T; Ito S; Koren G. Perinatal Outcome Following Third Trimester Exposure to Paroxetine  Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156:1129-1132

N.J. Coupland, C.J. Bell, Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Withdrawal, J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1996, 16, 3, 356-362

G. Cowley, K. Springen, E.A. Leonard, K. Robbins, J. Gordon, The Promise of Prozac, Newsweek, 26 March 1990, 42-45.

L.A. Cunningham for the Venlafaxine XR 208 Study Group, Once-daily venlafaxine Extended Release (XR) and venlafaxine Immediate Release (IR) in Outpatients with major depression, Ann Clin Psychiatry, 1997, 9, 3, 157-164.

M.L. Dahl, E. Olhager, J. Ahlner, Paroxetine withdrawal syndrome in a neonate (letter), Br J Psychiatry, 1997, Oct, 171, 391-2.

A. Dallal, G. Chouinard: Withdrawal and rebound symptoms associated with abrubt discontinuation of venlafaxine (letter), J Clin Psychopharmacol, 1998, August, 18:4, 343-344.

C. Debattista, A.F. Schatzberg, Physical symptoms associated with paroxetine withdrawal (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1995 Aug, 152 (8), 1235-4.

P.L. Delgado, L.H. Price, G.R Heniger, D.S. Charney, Neurochemistry, in E.S. Paykel, ed., Handbook of Affective Disorders, 2nd Edition, London: Churchill Livingstone, 1992

K. Demyttenaere, P. Haddad, Compliance with antidepressant therapy and antidepressant discontinuation symptoms, Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000, 101 (Suppl 403), 50-56. ('Proceedings of a consensus meeting ... sponsored by Eli Lilly & Company')

Department of Health (Statistics Division, Branch SD1E). Prescription Cost Analysis England 1996. London: Department of Health, 1989 - 1996.

Department of Health, Death rates for suicide and undetermined injury chart, viewed in July 1997 at: http:www.open.gov.uk/doh/NHS96_96/chart04.htm

D.P. Devanand, M.K. Kim, M.S. Nobler, Fluoxetine discontinuation in elderly dysthymic patients, Am. J. Geriatric Psychiatry, Winter 1997, 5(1), 83-87.

J. De Wilde, R. Spiers, C. Mertens, F. Bartholomé, G. Schotte, S. Leyman, A double-blind, comparative, multicentre study comparing paroxetine with fluoxetine in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 1993, 87, 141-145.

R.S. Diler, L. Tamam, A. Avci: Withdrawal symptoms associated with paroxetine discontinuation in a nine-year-old boy. : J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000 Oct; 20(5):586-7

R.S. Diler, A. Avci, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Discontinuation Syndrome in Children: six case reports, Current Therapeutic Research, 2002 March, 63(2), 188-197.

S. C. Dilsaver, J.F. Greden, Antidepressant withdrawal phenomena, Biological Psychiatry, 1984, 19, 2, 237-256.

S. C. Dilsaver, Antidepressant withdrawal syndromes: phenomenology and pathophysiology, Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 1989, 79, 113-117.

- Withdrawal phenomena associated with antidepressant and antipsychotic agents, Drug Safety, 1994, 10 (2), 103-114.

- See also with M. Lejoyeux

R.A. Dominguez, P.J. Goodnick, Adverse events after the abrupt discontinuation of paroxetine. Pharmacotherapy, 1995 Nov-Dec, 15 (6), 778-80.

J.M. Donoghue, A. Tylee, The Treatment of Depression: Prescribing Patterns of Antidepressants in Primary Care in the UK. Brit J Psychiatry 1996, 168, 164-168.

J. Donoghue, P. Haddad: Pharmacists lack knowledge of antidepressant discontinuation symptoms [letter], J Clin Psychiatry 1999 Feb, 60:2, 124-5.

S. Donovan, A. Clayton, M. Beeharry, S Jones, C. Kirk, K. Waters, D. Gardner, J. Faulding, R. Madeley: Deliberate self-harm and antidepressant drugs, investigation of a possible link, Br. J Psychiatry, 2000, 177, 551-556.

C. Doyle, The cloud over ‘bottled sunshine’, Daily Telegraph, 1 March 1994, 17.

V.A. Drill, ed., Pharmacology in Medicine, 2nd edition, New York: McGraw Hill, 1958.

DSRU (Anon), Fluoxetine, PEM Report No. 5, Southhampton, Drug Safety Research Unit, 1993.

DTB (Anon), Some problems with benzodiazepines, Drug & Ther. Bull., 1985, 25 March, 26, 11-12.

- Problems when withdrawing antidepressives, Drug & Ther. Bull., 1986, 21 April, 24, 29-30.

- Fluvoxamine (Faverin): Another antidepressive drug. Drug & Ther. Bull., 1988, 26, 11-12.

- Fluoxetine, suicide and aggression. Drug & Ther. Bull., 1992, 20 Jan, 30 (2), 5-6.

- Withdrawing patients from antidepressants, Drug & Ther. Bull., July 1999, 37 (7), 49-52

Duphar Laboratories Ltd (now Solvay Healthcare), Faverin (fluvoxamine) advertisement, GP, 1987, Aug 21, 9.

A Einarson, P Selby, G. Koren, Abrupt discontinuation of psychotropic drugs drug pregnancy: fear of teratogenic risk and impact of counselling, J. Psychiatry Neurosci 2001 January, 26(1), 44-48

E. Einbinder, Fluoxetine withdrawal? Am J Psychiatry 1995 Aug, 152 (8), 1235.

D. Elfenbein, ed., Living with Prozac and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1995.

C. Elliott: Pursued by happiness and beaten senseless: Prozac and the American Dream, Hastings Center Report, 2000, 30 No 2, 7-12.

J.M. Ellison, SSRI withdrawal buzz (letter). J Clin Psychiatry, 1994, 55, 544-545.

A.R. Entsuah, R.L Rudolph, D. Hackett and S. Miska, Efficacy of venlafaxine and placebo during long-term treatment of depression: a pooled analysis of relapse rates, International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 1996, 11, 137-145.

F. Epelde, R. Pla, M. Aguilar, Crisis comicial tras supresion brusca del tratamiento con fluoxetina [Letter: in Spanish, re: Seizures crisis following sudden withdrawal of fluoxetine, Med Clin (Barc) 1999 Oct 16;113(12):479.

M. Fagan, Withdrawal syndrome after the use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (in Norwegian] Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2000 Mar 20; 120(8):913-4.

A. Farah, T.E. Lauer, Possible venlafaxine withdrawal syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1996 Apr, 153 (4), 576.

G.A. Fava, Do antidepressant and antianxiety drugs increase chronicity in affective disorders? Psychother Psychosom, 1994, 61, 125-131

-  Holding On: Depression, sensitisation by antidepressant drus, and the Prodigal Experts, Ibid, 1995, 64, 57-61.  

G.A. Fava, S. Grandi, Withdrawal syndromes after paroxetine and sertraline discontinuation (letter). J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995 Oct, 15 (5), 374-5

G.A.Fava and E. Tomba, The use of antidepressant drugs: some reasons for concern, International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine, 1998, 11, 271-274.

M. Fava, S.M. Rappe, J.A. Pava et al, Relapse in patients on long-term fluoxetine treatment: response to increased fluoxetine dose, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1995, 56, 52-55.

- with R. Mulroy, J. Alpert, A.A. Nierenberg, J.F. Rosenbaum, Emergence of adverse effects following discontinuation of treatment with extended-release venlafaxine, Am J Psychiatry, December 1997, 154(12), 1760-1762.

A. Favaro, S. Friederici, P. Santonastaso, Predictors of Sertraline Discontinuation Syndrome in Anorexia Nervosa, J Clin Psychopharmacol, 21(5), 2001 October, 533-535

FDA, Fluoxetine hydrochloride, Summary Basis of Approval, NDA 18-936, Rockville Md., US Food & Drug Administration, 3 October 1988.

A.T. Fernando, P. Schwader: A case of citalopram withdrawal, J. Clin Psychopharmacol, 2000 October, 20(5), 581-582

I. N. Ferrier, Treatment of major depression: Is improvement enough?  J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1999, 60, Suppl. 6, 10-14.

A. Ferriman. Pep-up drug deaths. The Observer, 5 June 1988.

R.R.Fieve, Prozac, London: Thorsons, 1994.

M. Forman (Director) One flew over the cuckoo’s nest, Fantasy Films, 1975

H.L. Freeman, Listening to Prozac (letter). Nature 1994 May 19, 369, 178.

M. Freudenheim, Psychiatric Drugs are now promoted directly to patients, The New York Times, 17 February 1998, A1-D3.

E.H. Friedman, Neurobiology of behavioural changes after prenatal exposure to paroxetine (Paxil), Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000 August, 183(2), 518-519.

L. Frost, S. Lal. Shock-like sensations after discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1995 May, 152 (5), 810.

A.G. Fullerton, R.H. Boardman, Side effects of Tofranil, Lancet, 6 June 1959, 1209.

S. Garattini, The role of independent science in psychopharmacology, interview with D. Healy in The Psychopharmacologists, London: Chapman & Hall (Altman), 1996, 142.

O. Gerola et al., Antidepressant therapy in pregnancy: a review from the literature and report of a suspected paroxetine withdrawal syndrome in a newborn. Rivista Italiana di Pediatria, 1999, 25, 216-218

W.J. Giakas, J.M. Davis, Intractable withdrawal from venlafaxine treated with fluoxetine, Psychiatric Annals, February 1997, 27 (2), 85-86 and 92.                                                                                                                                                         ..

J. Glenmullen, Prozac Backlash - overcoming the dangers of Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, and other antidepressants with safe, effective alternatives, (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000)

R.J. Goldberg, Diagnostic Dilemmas Presented by Patients with Anxiety and Depression. Am J Medicine, 1995 Mar. 98, 278-284.

T.R. Goldstein, M.A. Frye, K.D. Denikoff, E. Smith-Jackson, G.S. Leverich, A.L. Bryan, S.O. Ali, R. M. Post: Antidepress and discontinuation-related manaia: critical prospective observation and theoretical implications in bipolar disorder, J. Clin Psychiatry, August 1999, 60(8), 563-567.

S.M. Gore, G. Jones, S.G. Thompson, The Lancet's statistical review process: areas for improvement by authors, Lancet, July 11 1992, 340, 100-102.

L.F. Gram, (in Danish) Seponeringssymtomer ved anvelndelse af selektive serotoningenoptagelseshæmmere (SSRI), Ugeskr Læger, 1998, 7 Dec, 160(50), 7291-7293

R. Grant, The Prozac generation, The Independent on Sunday, 30 Jan 1994, 12-16.

B. Green, Persistent adverse neurological effects following SSRI discontinuation, Psychiatry On-Line, accessed January 2000 on http://www.priory.com/psych/panes.htm

R.P. Greenberg, M.D. Greenberg, R.F. Bornstein, S. Fisher, A meta-analysis of antidepressant outcome under "blinder" conditions, J. Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 1992, 60(5), 664-669.

R.P. Greenberg, S. Fisher, Examining antidepressant effectiveness: findings, ambiguities and some vexing puzzles, in R.P. Greenberg and S. Fisher (eds), The Limits of Biological Treatments for Psychological Distress - Comparisons with Psychotherapy and Placebo, [Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1989], 1-37.

K.J. Gregor, J.M. Overhage, S.J. Coons, R.C. McDonald, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor dose titration in the naturalistic setting. Clinical Therapeutics 1994; 16(2):306-15.

P. Haddad, M Lejoyeux, A Young, Antidepressant discontinuation reactions Are preventable and simple to treat, Brit Med J, 11 April 1998, 316, 1105-1106.

P Haddad, I Anderson: Antidepressants aren't addictive: clinicians have depended on them for years,  (comment on Healy and Tranter, 1999) J Psychopharmacol., 1999, 13(3), 291-298.

P. Haddad, Do antidepressants have any potential to cause addiction?  J. Psychopharmacol., 1999, 13(3), 300-307.

P. Haddad, M. Qureshi, Misdiagnosis of antidepressant discontinuation symptoms, Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000 Dec, 102(6), 466-468

P. Haddad, Antidepressant discontinuation syndromes, Drug Safety, 2001, 24(3), 183-197.

P. Haddad, The SSRI discontinuation syndrome, J. Psychopharmacology, 1998, 12(3), 305-313.

A.S. Hale, Anxiety, Brit. Med. J., 1997, 28 June, 314, 1886-1889.

H. Halle, V.J. Del Medico, S.C. Dilsaver, Symptoms of major depression: acute effect of withdrawing antidepressants, Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 1991, 83, 238-239.

C. Hallstrom, Benzodiazepine dependence: who is responsible ? J. Forensic Psychiatry, 1991, 2 (1), 5-7.

M. Hamilton, Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Brit J Soc Clin Psychol 1967, 6, 278-296. 

M. Hamner, M. Huber: Discontinuation of antidepressant medications prior to ECT, Convulsive Ther, 1996, 12, 125-126.

E.H. Hare, J. Dominian, L. Sharpe, Phenelzine and dexamphetamine in depressive illness, Brit. Med. J., 6 Jan, 1992, 9-12

C.J. Hawley, D.V. James, P.L. Birkett, D.S. Baldwin, M.J. de-Ruiter, R.G. Priest, Suicidal ideation as a presenting complaint. Associated diagnoses and characteristics in a casualty population, Br J Psychiatry 1991 Aug, 159, 232-8,

D. Healy, The structure of psychopharmacological revolutions. Psychiatr. Dev. 1987. 5, 349-376.

- The psychopharmacological era: notes towards a history. J Psychopharmacol 1990, 4 (3), 152-167.

- The Marketing of 5-Hydroxytryptamine: Depression or Anxiety ? Br J Psychiatry 1991, 158, 737-742.

- The Psychopharmacologists, London: Chapman & Hall (Altman), 1996

- The Antidepressant Era, [Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1998]

- The Psychopharmacologists II, London: Chapman & Hall (Altman), 1998.

- Good science or good business?, Hastings Center Report, 2000, 30 No 2, 19-22

- with R. Tranter: Pharmacological stress diathesis syndromes, J Psychopharmacol., 1999, 13(3), 287-290. And: In the shaddow of the benzodiazepines (Responses to commentaries on the above paper), Ibid, p. 299

- See also Commentary on  J. Moncrieff et al, Meta-analysis of trials comparing antidepressants with active placebos, Brit J Psychiatry, 1998, 172, 232-234.

Herxheimer A, Mintzes B, Antidepressants and adverse effects in young patients: uncovering the evidence CMAJ , February 17, 2004; 170 (4).

C. Hicks, The truth about Nature’s Prozac, Independent, 8 July 1997, tabloid section, 9.

I. Hindmarch, S. Kimber, S.M. Cockle: Abrupt and brief discontinuation of antidepressant treatment: effects on cognitive function and psychomotor performance, Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2000 Nov;15(6):305-18

S. Hirose, Restlessness related to SSRI withdrawal, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2001, 55, 79-80

R.M.A. Hirschfeld, M.B. Keller, S Panico, et al., The National Deporessive and Manic-Depressive Association Consensus Statement on the Undertreatment of Depression. J.A.M.A., 1997, 277 (4), 333-340.

L. E. Hollister, Clinical use of psychotherapeutic drugs, Drugs, 1972, 4, 321-360.

- (Chairman, proceedings of a roundtable discussion on diazepam held in Chicago, 20 May, 1976), Valium: a discussion of current issues. Psychosomatics 1977, 18 (1), 44-58.

- 'Pharmacological stress diathesis syndromes': commentary, (on Healy and Tranter, 1999) J Psychopharmacol., 1999, 13(3), 293-294.

S.Y. Huffstutler: Management of antidepressant withdrawal reactions, J Am Acad Nurse Pract, 1998, April, 10:4, 161-165.

L. Hunt, Mind drug ‘no miracle’, Independent on Sunday, 31 October 1993, 2

Hyman SE, Nestler EJ. Initiation and Adaptation: A Paradigm for Understanding Psychotropic Drug Action. Am J Psychiatry 1996 Feb, 153 (2), 151-162.

Internet newsgroup references:

Ibister GK, Dawson A, Whyte IM, Prior FH, Clancy C, Smith AJ, Neonatal paroxetine withdrawal syndrome or actually serotonin syndrome? Arch Dis Child Fetal Ed, 2001, Sept, 85(2), F147-148

D. Jacobs, D. Cohen, What is really known about psychological alterations produced by psychiatric drugs? Int. J. Risk & Safety in Medicine, 1999, 12, 37-47.

O. James, C. Camden, Power of the psychodrug, Guardian (Magazine section), 23 November 1993, 14-15.

S.S. Jick, A.D. Dean, H. Jick, Antidepressants and suicide. Brit Med J 1995, 310, 215-8.

H. Johnson, W.P. Bouman, J. Lawton, Withdrawal reaction associated with venlafaxine, Brit. Med. J., 19 September 1998, 317, 787.

R. Judge, M.G. Parry, D. Quail, J.G. Jacobson, Discontinuation symptoms: comparison of brief interruption in fluoxetine and paroxetine treatment (sponsored by Eli Lilly), Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 2002, 17, 217-225.

Jureidini J.N, Doecke C.J, Mansfield P.R, Haby M.M, Menkes D.B, Tonkin A.L. Efficacy and safety of antidepressants for children and Adolescents. BMJ  2004 (10 April); 328:879-883.  

D.A. Karp, Speaking of Sadness (New York City and Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1996)

D. Kasantikul, Reversible delirium after discontinuation of fluoxetine. J Med Assoc Thai 1995 Jan, 78 (1),.

M.B. Keller, in discussion of The Natural History and Heterogeneity of Depressive Disorders: Implications for Rational Antidepressant Therapy, J Clin Psychiatry 1994 Sept., 55, 9 (suppl A), 32-33.

M.B. Keller, D.L. Hanks, Anxiety symptom relief in depression treatment outcomes, J. Clin. Psychiatry, 1995, 56 Suppl. 6, 30-36.

L.S.W. Kent, J.D.D. Laidlaw, Suspected congenital sertraline dependence Brit J Psychiatry 1995 Sep, 167 (3), 412-3.

M.P. Kerr, Antidepressant prescribing: a comparison between general practitioners and psychiatrists. Brit J Gen Pract 1994, 44, 275-276.

K. Kesey, One flew over the cuckoo’s nest, New York: Viking, 1962

N.J. Keuthen, P. Cyr, J.A. Ricciardi, et al,. Medication withdrawal symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients treated with paroxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1994 Jun, 14 (3), 206-7.

I. Kirsch, G. Sapirstein, Listening to Prozac but Hearing Placebo; A Meta-Analysis of Antidepressant Medication, Prevention & Treatment, Volume 1, Article 0002a, posted June 26, 1998 at  http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume1/pre0010002a.html

M. Kirsch, Hard habit to break, The Observer Magazine, 3 February 2002, 46

N.S. Kline, The practical management of depression. J.A.M.A. 1964 Nov 23, 190 (8), 122-130

L.F. Koopowitz, M. Berk, Paroxetine induced withdrawal effects, Human Psychopharmacol., 1995, 10, 147-148

M. Kotlyar, M. Golding, E.R. Brewer, S.W. Carson, Possible Nefazodone withdrawal syndrome (letter), Am J. Psychiatry, July 1999, 156(7), 1117.

P.D. Kramer, Listening to Prozac. New York: Viking, 1993.

- The valorization of sadness: Alienation and the melancholic temperament, Hastings Center Report, 2000, 30 No 2, 13-18.

M.S. Kreider, W.D. Bushnell, R. Oakes et al., A double-blind randomised study to provide safety information on switching fluoxetine-treated patients to paroxetine without an intervening washout period, J. Clin Psychiatry, 1995, 56, 142-145. 

A. Kudoh, H. Katagai, T. Takazawa, Antidepressant treatment for chronic depressed patients should not be discontinued prior to anaesthesia, Can J Anesth, 2002, 49, 2, 132-136

R. Lacey, S. Woodward, That’s Life! survey on tranquillisers, London, British Broadcasting Corporation in association with MIND (National Association of Mental Health), 1985

M. Lader, Benzodiazepine withdrawal states. In M.R. Trimble (Ed) Benzodiazepines Divided (Chichester: John Wiley & Son, 1983)

- Benzodiazepine dependence syndromes and syndromes of withdrawal. In Hallstrom C (Ed): Benzodiazepine Dependence (Oxford University Press, 1993)

- Withdrawal from antidepressants (Unpublished Opinion), November 1997

P. Landry, L. Roy, Withdrawal hypomania associated with paroxetine, J. Clin. Psychopharmacol, 17, 1, February 1997, 60-61

R.M. Lane, Withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, J. Serotonin Res., 1996, 3, 75-83.

C. Lauber: Nefazodone withdrawal symptoms, Can J Psychiatry, April 1999, 44(3), 285-286. Letter.

J. Lazarou, B.H. Pomeranz, P.N. Corey, Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Patients - A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies, JAMA. 1998;279: 1200-1205

A.L. Lazowick, G.M. Levin, Potential withdrawal syndrome associated with SSRI discontinuation. Ann Pharmacother 1995 Dec, 29 (12), 1284-85.

H. Lehmann, Psychopharmacotherapy, interview with D. Healy in The Psychopharmacologists, London: Chapman & Hall (Altman), 1996, 178-179, 182, 185.

F.L. Leiter, S.A. Nierenberg, K.M. Sanders, T.A. Stern, Discontinuation reactions following sertraline. Biol Psychiatry 1995 Nov 15, 38 (10), 694-5.

M. Lejoyeux, J. Ades, I. Mourad, J. Solomon and Steven Dilsaver, Antidepressant Withdrawal Syndrome - Recognition, Prevention and Management, CNS Drugs, 1996, April; 5, 4, 278-292

A. J. Lewis, J. Ment. Sci, 1934, 80, 277.

P. Leyburn, A critical look at antidepressant drug trials. Lancet 1967 25 Nov, 1135-1138

Eli Lilly & Co (Dista Products), First line for all nine ... symptoms of depression, J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1993, 13, 5, advertisement facing p. 303.

- Prozac (fluoxetine) product information, in Anon, Physicians’ Desk Reference, 50th edition, Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Co, 1996, 919-923; also in Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), Compendium of Data Sheets and Summaries of Product Characteristics 1996/97, London: Datapharm Publications, 1996.

A.K. Louie, T.B. Lewis, R.A. Lannon, Use of low dose fluoxetine in major depression and panic disorder, J Clin. Psychiatry 1993, Nov, 54(11), 435-438

A.K. Louie, R.A. Lannon, L. J. Ajari, Withdrawal reaction after sertraline discontinuation (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1994 Mar, 151 (3), 450-1.

A.K. Louie, R.A. Lannon, M.A. Kirsch, T.B. Lewis, Venlafaxine withdrawal reactions (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1996 Dec, 153 (12), 1652.

L. Lu, W.J. Su, W. Yue, X Ge, F. Su, Attenuation of morphine dependence and withdrawal in rats by venlafaxine, a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Life Sci, 2001 May, 69, 1, 37-46.

C. Luckhaus, C. Jacob, Venlafaxine withdrawal syndrome not prevented by maprotiline, but resolved by sertraline (letter), Int J Neuropsychopharmacology, 2001, 4, 43-44.

C. Luckhaus, W.E. Müller, (in German) Withdrawal symptoms after prolonged intake of specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Psychopharmacotherapie, 2000, 7, 57-62

T. Lynch, Beyond Prozac: Healing Mental Suffering Without Drugs (Dublin, Marino Books, 2001)

R. Macbeth, M. Rajagopalan, Venlafaxine withdrawal syndrome, Aust NZ J Med, 1998, 28, 218.

L. Macdonald: Discontinuation symptoms and SSRIs, CMAJ, 1998, Oct 6, 159(7), 846-847, and (in French) 850-852.

F.J. Mackay, N.R. Dunn, L.V. Wilton, G.L. Pearce, S.N. Freemantle, R.D. Mann, A comparison of fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine examined by observational cohort studies, Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 1997, 6, 235-246.

R. Mahendran, A. Chan, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Discontinuation Symptoms, Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore, 1999, July, 28, 596-599

S.M. Maixner, J.F. Greden: Extended antidepressant maintenance and discontinuation syndromes. Depress Anxiety 1998, 8 Suppl 1, 43-53

S. Malitz, M. Kanzler, Are Antidepressants better than placebo?, Am. J. Psychiatry, 1971, 127, 1605

G. Mallya, K. White, C. Gunderson, Is there a serotonergic withdrawal syndrome? Biol Psychiatry 1993 Jun 1-15, 33 (11-12), 851-2.

D.C. Manolis, The Perils of Prozac. Minnesota Medicine 1995 Jan, 78, 19-23.

T.R. Mareth, T.M. Brown, SSRI withdrawal (letter). J Clin Psychiatry 1996 Jul, 57 (7), 310. 

M. Marinker in P.A. Parish, W.M. Williams, P.C. Elmes, eds, The medical use of psychotropic drugs, a report of a symposium sponsored by the Department of Health and Social Security, held at University College, Swansea, 1-2 July 1972.

J.S. Markowitz: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation with ECT and withdrawal symptoms (letter), J ECT, 1998, March, 14:1, 55

J.S. Markowitz: Nefazodone withdrawal symptoms, Can J Psychiatry, April 1999, 44(3), 286-287. Letter, Comment on Benazzi F., March 1998)

J. Marks, The Benzodiazepines - use, overuse, misuse, abuse. Lancaster UK: MTP Press, 1978.

- The benzodiazepines - for good or evil. Neuropsychobiology 1983, 10, 115-126.

T. Mathew (Chair, ADRAC), SSRIs and withdrawal syndrome, Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Bulletin, 15, 1, November 1996, 2.

T. Mathew, SSRIs and neonatal disorders: Withdrawal reactions, Breast milk transfer, AADRB, 16, 4, November 1997, 14.

M. McBride (Honorary Secretary of Council, Royal College of General Practitioners). Unpublished correspondence, 18 May 1992.

C. Medawar, Power and Dependence: Social Audit on the safety of medicines. London: Social Audit, 1992.

- Through the doors of deception? Nature 24 March 1994, 368, 369-370.

- Secrecy and medicines. Int J Risk & Safety in Medicine 1996, 9 133-141

- Herxheimer A, Bell A, Jofre S. Paroxetine, Panorama and user reporting of ADRs: consumer intelligence matters in clinical practice and post-marketing drug surveillance, Int. J. Risk & Safety in Medicine 2002; 15, 161-9.

- Herxheimer A, A comparison of adverse drug reaction reports from professionals and users, relating to risk of dependence and suicidal behaviour with paroxetine, Int J Risk & Safety in Medicine 2003/2004, 16, 5–19.

Medical Letter (Anon), Drugs for psychiatric disorders, Med. Lett., 11 April 1997, 39, 998, 33-40.

P. Menecier, L. Menecier-Ossia, P. Bern: Fluoxetine dependence and tolerance. Apropos of a case (English abstract, French text), Encephale, 1997, Sept-Oct, 23(5), 400-401.

J. Merry, Biochemistry and drug treatment of depression, Lancet, May 27 1972, 1175-1176.

M.J. Mhanna, J.B. Bennet, S.D. Izatt, Potential Fluoxetine Chloride (Prozac) Toxicity in a Newborn, Pediatrics, 1997, 100, 158-159

D. Michelson, M. Fava, J. Amsterdam, J. Apter, P. Londborg, R. Tamura, R.G. Tepner, Interruption of selective serotonin reubtake inhibitor treatment (sponsoredby Eli Lilly), Br. J. Psychiatry, 2002, 176, 363-368

M. C. Miller, Symptoms that start when an antidepressant stops, Harvard Mental Health Letter, February 2001, 6-7.

C.G. Mohan, J.J. Moore, Fluoxetine toxicity in a preterm infant, J Perinatol 2000 Oct-Nov, 20(7), 445-446.

J. Moncrieff,  S. Wessely, R. Hardy, Meta-analysis of trials comparing antidepressants with active placebos, Brit J Psychiatry, 1998, 172, 227-231. with Commentary (D. Healy) pp 232-234.

- Review of randomised controlled trials of antidepressants using active placebos [Protocol]. In P. Bech, R. Churchill, D. Gill, P. Hazell, M. Oakley-Browne, M. Trivedi, S. Wesseley (eds) Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Module of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, [updated 01 September 1997]. Available in The Cochrane Library [database on disk and CDROM]. The Cochrane Collaboration; Issue 4. Oxford: Update Software; 1997. Quarterly.

- Are antidepressants overrated? A review of methodological problems in antidepressant trials, J Nervous & Mental Disease, 2001, 189(5), 288-295.

S.A. Montgomery, M.T. Lambert, Pitfalls in assessing efficacy and side-effects of antidepressants, Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Res, 1989, 9 (2), 95-100.

- M. Green, D. Baldwin, D. Montgomery, Prophylactic treatment of depression: a public health issue, Neuropsychobiol., 1989, 22, 214-219.

- The efficacy of fluoxetine as an antidepressant in the short and long term, Int. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1989 Jan., 4, Suppl. 1, 113-119.

- Long-term treatment with SSRIs, Clin. Neuropharmacol, 1992, 15, Suppl 1 Part A, 450A-451A.

- Introduction (Antidepressants: perspectives in primary and secondary health care) Postgrad Med J 1994, 70 Suppl 2, S1.

- G. Dunbar, Paroxetine is better than placebo in relapse prevention and the prophylaxis of recurrent depression, Int. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1993, 8, 189-195.- A. Roberts, A.G. Patel, Placebo-controlled efficacy on antidepressants in continuation treatment, Int. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 1994 Jan., 9, Suppl. 1, 49-53.

- Antidepressants in long-term treatment, Annu. Rev. Med., 1994, 45, 447-457.

- Long-term treatment of depression, Brit. J. Psychiatry 1994, 165, Suppl. 26, 31-36.

- Efficacy in long-term treatment of depression, J. Clin. Psychiatry 1996, 57, Suppl. 2, 24-30.

T.J. Moore, Hidden dangers of antidepressants, The Washingtonian, December 1997, 68-71 and 140-145.

- It's what's in your head, The Washingtonian, October 1999, 45-48.

- See also Thomas J Moore's website: http://www.thomasjmoore.com

MORI Public Opinion Polls: Attitudes towards Depression: Research study conducted for the ‘Defeat Depression’ Campaign. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists, Royal College of General Practitioners, January 1992.

I. Mourad, M. Lejoyeux, J Ades: Evaluation prospective du sevrage des antidepresseurs, L'Encephale, 1998, 24, 215-222.

C.K. Mrela, Mortality Topic 1, Arizona Center for Health Statistics, seen at http://www.hs.state.az.us/plan/suicid95/topic1.htm on 7/7/97.

J. Nakielny, The fluoxetine and suicide controversy. A review of the evidence. CNS Drugs 1994, 2, 252-253.

R.G. Nathan, J.L. Kinney, Long-Term Dependence on Antidepressants (letter), Am J Psychiatry, April 1985, 142(4), 524

National Audit Office: Safety, quality, efficacy: regulating medicines in the UK. Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, HC 255, Session 2002-2003, London, Stationery Office,16 January 2003

National Depression Screening Day, website visited in July 1997, at hhtp:www.nmisp.org/dep.htm

National Institute of Mental Health Consensus Study, Electroconvulsive Therapy, excerpt published April 1997 at http://www.schizophrenia.com/ami/meds/ect.html

Nemeroff CB, DeVane CL, Pollock BG, Newer antidepressants and the cytochrome P450 system, Am J Psychiatry, 1996 March, 153, 3, 311-320.

I.J. Nijhuis, G.W. Kok-Van Rooij, A.N. Bosschaart, Withdrawal reactions of a premature neonate after maternal paroxetine (letter), Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2001 January, 84(1): F77-78

H. Nordeng, R. Lindemann, K.V. Perminov, A. Reikvam, Neonatal withdrawal syndrome after in utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Acta Paediatr, 2001, 90, 288-291.

C. Norton,  "Spare your blushes: doctors create pill to stop shyness", The Sunday Times (London), 4 October 1998 

S.B. Nuland, The Pill of Pills, New York Review of Books, 9 June 1994, 4-6.

S. Nuss, C.R. Kinkaid, Serotonin discontinuation syndrome: does it really exist?
W V Med J. 2000 Mar-Apr; 96(2):405-7.

D.J. Nutt, Addiction: brain mechanisms and their treatment implications. Lancet 1996; 346, 31-36.

M.J. Oca etc al., Association of maternal sertraline (zoloft) therapy and transient neonatal nystagmus, J. Perinat, 1999, 19, 6, 460-461.

S. Oehrberg, P.E. Christiansen, K. Behnke, A.L. Borup, B. Severin, J. Soegaard, H. Calberg, R. Judge, J.K. Ohrstrom, P.M. Manniche, Paroxetine in the treatment of panic disorder. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Brit. J. Psychiatry, 1995, 167, 374-379.

J.S. Olver, G.D. Burrows, T.R. Norman, Discontinuation syndromes with SSRIs. Are there clinically relevant differences?, CNS Drugs, 1999, 12, 171-177

L.A. Opler, C. Bialkowski, Prozac and other psychiatric drugs, New York: Pocket Books, 1996.

I. Oswald, S.A. Lewis, D.L.F. Dunleavy et al. Drugs of dependence though not of abuse: fenfluramine and imipramine. Brit. Med. J., 1971, 10 July, 70-73.

L Pacheco, P. Malo, E. Aragues, M. Etxebeste, More cases of paroxetine withdrawal syndrome, Brit J Psychiatry, Sept 1996, 169 (3), 384.

J.L. Palmer, Postoperative delirium indicating an adverse drug interaction involving the SSRI, paroxetine, J. Psychopharmacol 2000 June, 14(2), 186-188

C.M.B. Pare, Treatment of depression, Lancet, 1 May 1965, 923-925.

G. Parker, J. Blennerhassett: Withdrawal reactions associated with venlafaxine. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1998 April, 32:2, 291-4.

M. Patris, J-M. Bouchard, T. Bougerol, J-F Charbonnier, J-F Chevalier, G. Clerc, C. Cyran, P. van Amerongen, O. Lemming, H.E. Hopfner Petersen, Citalopram versus fluoxetine: a double-blind, controlled, multicentre, phase III trial in patients with unipolar major depression treated in general practice, Int. Clin. Psychpharmacol (1996), 11, 129-136.

E.S. Paykel, R.G. Priest, Recognition and management of depression in general practice: consensus statement, Br. Med. J., 14 November 1992, 305, 1198-1202.

F.P.M.L. Peeters, J Zandbergen, Violent withdrawal symptoms with fever while tapering off paroxetine (In Dutch, with English abstract); Ned. Tijdschr.Geneeskd, 1999, 3 July, 143 (27).

H Petursson, M.H. Lader, Withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine treatment, Br Med J 1981, 28, 643-645.

Pfizer Ltd (Invicta Pharmaceuticals), Lustral/sertraline product information, in Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), Compendium of Data Sheets and Summaries of Product Characteristics 1996/97, London: Datapharm Publications, 1996.

S.D. Phillips, A possible paroxetine withdrawal syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1995, 152 (4), 645-6.

Physicians’ Desk Reference, 50th edition, Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Co, 1996

P. Pichot, The discovery of chlorpromazine and the place of psychopharmacology in the history of psychiatry, interview with D. Healy in The Psychopharmacologists, London: Chapman & Hall (Altman), 1996, 14.

H.A. Pincus, T.L. Tanielian, S.C. Marcus, M. Olfson, D.A. Zarin, J. Thompson, J.M. Zito, Prescribing trends in psychotropic medications, JAMA, 18 February 1998, 279 (7), 526-531

V. Pinzani, E.Ginies, L. Robert, H. Peyriere, M. Abbar. J.P. Blayac: Syndrome de sevrage de la venlafaxine: a propos de six cas et review de la literature, Rev. Med. Interne, 2000, 21, 282-294.

J. Pippard, Audit of electroconvulsive treatment in two NHS regions, Brit. J. Psychiatry, 1992, 160, 621-637.

M. Pirmohamed, A.M. Breckenridge, N. R Kitteringham, B.K. Park, Adverse Drug Reactions, Brit Med J, 25 April 1998, 316, 1295-1298.

J.M. Plewes, S.C. Koke, M.E. Sayler, Adverse events and treatment discontinuations in fluoxetine clinical trials: an updated meta-analysis. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 7, S169, 1997.

B.G. Pollock: Discontinuation symptoms and SSRIs (letter), J Clin Psychiatry, 1998, Oct, 59:10, 535-537.

J.M. Pomerantz: A case of inappropriate use of patient pharmacy data, Drug Benefit Trends, 2000, 12(1), 2, 6

A.M.W. Porter, Depressive illness in a general practice. A demographic study and a controlled trial of imipramine, Brit. Med. J., 28 March 1970, 773-778.

S.H. Preskorn, Update on antidepressant therapy, J Clin Psychiatry 1994 Sept., 55, 9 (suppl A), 3-5.

- in discussion of The Natural History and Heterogeneity of Depressive Disorders: Implications for Rational Antidepressant Therapy, J Clin Psychiatry 1994 Sept., 55, 9 (suppl A), 32-33.

J.S. Price, P.C.Waller, S.M. Wood (Medicines Control Agency), A.V.P. Mackay (Committee on Safety of Medicines), Comparison of the post-marketing safety profiles of fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline using spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting, Pharmacoepidemiol. & Drug Safety, 4, Suppl. 1, S62 (Abstract from the 11th International Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology, Montreal, Canada, 27-30 August, 1995).

- A comparison of the post-marketing safety of four selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors including the investigation of symptoms occurring on withdrawal, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1996, 42, 757-763.

R.G. Priest, "It’s only a cry for help", World Medicine, 15 August 1979, 27-30.

- Improving the Management and Knowledge of Depression. Brit J Psychiatry 1994, 164, 285-287.

- Recent Clinical Development With Reversible and Selective Amine Oxidase Inhibitors: A Valuable Addition to the Armamentarium, Chairman’s Introduction. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995, 15 (4 suppl. 2), 1S-3S.

- C. Vize, A. Roberts, M. Roberts, A. Tylee, Lay people’s attitudes to treatment of depression: results of opinion poll for Defeat Depression Campaign just before its launch, Brit. Med. J., 5 October 1996, 313, 858-859.

Public Citizen (Health Research Group) Petition to the US Food & Drug Administration, requesting removal of nefazodone (Serzone) from the US Market, 6 March 2003

R.E. Pyke, Paroxetine withdrawal syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1995 Jan, 152 (1),149-50.

J.H. Raach, book review of F.J. Ayd, Recognising the depressed patient, J.A.M.A., 21 Oct 1961, 178 (3), 357.

W. N. Raby, Treatment of venlafaxine discontinuation symptoms with odansetron (letter), J Clin Psychiatry, 1998, Nov, 59(11), 621-622.

M. Rajagopalan, J. Little, Discontinuation symptoms with nefazodone, Aust & NZ J. Psychiatry, 1999, 33, 594-597.

E. Rantzen (presenter), That’s Life!, BBC-1 television programme, June 1983 (See also R. Lacey, S. Woodward)

D.J. Rapport, J. R. Calabrese, Tolerance to fluoxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993 Oct, 13 (5), 361.

S.L. Rauch, R.L. O'Sullivan, M.A. Jenike, Open treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder with venlafaxine: a series of ten cases (letter), J. Clin Psychopharmacol., Feb 1996, 16 (1), 81-84.

R.R. Reeves, H.R. Pinkofsky, Lhermitte's Sign in paroxetine withdrawal, J. Clin. Psychopharmacol, 16, 5, October 1996, 411-412.

F W Reimherr, J D Amsterdam, F M Quitkin, J F Rosenbaum, M Fava, J Zajecka, C M Beasley, D Michelson, P Roback, K Sundell: Optimal Length of Continuation Therapy in Depression: A Prospective Assessment During Long-Term Fluoxetine Treatment: Am J Psychiatry, 1998, September, 155, 9, 1247-1253.

V.I. Reus, Management of Treatment-Resistant unipolar and chronically depressed patients, in M. Hornig-Rohan, J.D. Amsterdam JD, eds, Treatment-Resistant Depression, The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, June 1996, 19 (2), 201-213.

J.E.F.Reynolds, ed., Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st Ed., London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society, 1996, 299.

K. Rickels, R. Downing, E. Schweitzer, H. Hassman, Archives of General Psychiatry, 1993, 50, 884-895.

S. Rimer, With millions taking Prozac, a legal drug culture arises, New York Times, 13 December 1993, A1-B8.

I. Roberts, A. Li Wan Po, I. Chalmers, Intellectual property, drug licensing, freedom of information and public health, Lancet 1998, 352, 726-729.

~ C. Rojas-Fernandez, J. Gordon: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor discontinuation syndrome: putative mechanisms and prevention strategies (letter), Can J Psychiatry, 1998, June, 43(5), 523-524.

J. Rosenbaum, Risk of Adverse Events and Depressive Symptom Breakthrough Following Brief Interruption of SSRI therapy, pp 555-557. In Thompson C, chairperson, Discontinuation of Antidepressant Therapy: Emerging Complications and Their Relevance (ACADEMIC HIGHLIGHTS), J. Clin Psychiatry, 1998, 59, 541-548.

J F Rosenbaum, M Fava, S L Hoog, R C Ascroft, W B Krebs: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Discontinuation Syndrome: A Randomised Clinical Trial, Biol Psychiatry, 1998, 44, 77-87.

J.E. Rosenblat, Toxicology and drug interactions: two more cases of fluoxetine withdrawal (and SSRI withdrawal symptoms online), Currents in Affective Illness, 1994, 13, 11, 15-17.

H.A. Rosenstock, Sertraline withdrawal in two brothers: a case report. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1996 Mar, 11 (1), 58-9.

D. Rothman, That Prozac moment, The Guardian (Review section), 4 February 1994, 2-4.

A. Roy, M. Virkkunen, M. Linnoila, Serotonin in suicide, violence, and alcoholism, in E.F. Coccaro, D.L. Murphy, eds., Serotonin in major psychiatric disorders, Washington DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1990, 187-208.

Royal College of Psychiatrists, Twenty-Third Annual Report, London: RCP, 1996

Royal College of Psychiatrists, Royal College of General Practitioners, Defeat Depression Campaign press release: MORI poll reveals public confusion about antidepressants and tranquillisers: "Antidepressants not addictive", says Defeat Depression Campaign. London: RCP & RCGP, 1992.

- Press pack for Defeat Depression Action Week, 3 - 11 March 1994.

R. Rudolph, L. Aguiar, R. Entsuah, A. Derivan, Double-blind placebo-controlled study of once-daily venlafaxine (XR) and fluoxetine in depressed outpatients, Unpublished study XR211, Poster presented at ECNP, Vienna, 1997. This study appears to have been published subsequently as: R.L. Rudolph, A.D. Feiger, J Affect Disorders, 1999 December, 56(2-3), 171-181.

R.L. Rudolph, L.F. Fabre, J. P. Feighner et al, A randomised placebo-controlled dose-response trial of venlafaxine hydrochloride in the treatment of major depression, J. Clin Psychiatry, 1998, 59, 116-122.

Lord Sainsbury (Chairman): Report of the Committee of Enquiry into the Relationship of the Pharmaceutical Industry with the National Health Service, 1965-1967. Cmnd. 3410 [London: HMSO, 1967].

W. Sargant (discussant in conference proceedings), Depression, Lancet, 3 October 1959, 509 - 511.

- Drugs in the treatment of depression, Brit Med. J., 28 January 1961, 225-227.

- P. Dally, Treatment of anxiety states by antidepressant drugs, Brit. Med. J., 6 Jan, 1992, 6-9

N. Sartorius, Depressive illness as a worldwide problem, in P. Kielholz, ed., Bern: Hans Huber, 1974

- Depressive disorders - a major public health problem, in F. Ayd, ed., Mood Disorders: The world’s major public health problem, Baltimore: Ayd Medical Communications, 1978.

S.P. Sattar, K.M. Grant, S.C. Bhatia, A case of venlafaxine abuse, NEJM, 2003, 348, 8, 764-765

SCRIP  (Anon), Norway rejects fluoxetine on appeal, SCRIP No 1618, 22 May 1991, 26.

             (Anon), Lilly attacks Prozac hype, SCRIP No 1913, 12 April 1994, 11.

             (Anon), US DTC campaigns - Caverject, Effexor, SCRIP No 2208, 21 February 1997, 14.

M. Schatzberg, P. Haddad, E.M. Kaplan, M. Lejoyeux, J.F. Rosenbaum, A.H. Young, J. Zajecka,  Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome: update on serotonin reuptake inhibitors, J Clin Psychiatry, 1997, 58 (suppl 7), 1-4

D.A Sclar, L.M. Robinson, T.L. Skaer, R.S. Galin, Trends in the prescribing of antidepressant pharmacotherapy: office-based visits, 1990-1995. Clin Ther 1998 Jul-Aug 20:4 871-84; 870

E. Sempere, I Martinez, I Martinez-Mir, A Rey, Withdrawal syndrome and cytalopram (letter, in Spanish) Med Clin (Barc) 2000 March 11, 114(9): 359.

S. Senn, Are placebo run ins justified ?, Brit. Med. J., 19 April 1997, 314, 1191-1193.

V. Sharma, Loss of response to antidepressants and subsequent refractoriness: diagnostic issues in a retrospective case series, J Affective Disorders, 2001, 64, 99-106

Shoenberger D, Discontinuing paroxetine: a personal account, Psychother Psychosom, 2002, 71, 237-238

B. Shopsin, G.B. Cassano, L. Conti, An overview of new 'second generation' antidepressant compounds: research and treatment implications - in S.J. Enna, J.B. Malick and E. Richelson (eds): Antidepressants: Neurochemical, Behavioural, and Clinical Perspectives [New York, Raven Press, 1981], 219 - 251.

E. Shorter, A History of Psychiatry - From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac. Toronto, John Wiley & Son, 1997.

A.E. Shriver, G.S. Sachs et al., Mania and hypomania following antidepressant discontinuation, in New Research Program and Abstracts, Abstract NR 161:111, American Psychiatric Association, 151st Annual Meeting, Toronto, June 1998.

L. Sierra Santos, Y. Raigal Marin, A. Ortega Carcia, C. Berriochoa Martinez de Pison, G. Aparicio Jabalquinto: Venlafaxina y sindrome de discontinuacion, Atencion Primaria, December 1999, 24 (10), 115-116

K. Silverstein, Prozac.org, Mother Jones, December 1999.

R. Silvestri, E.F. Pace-Schott, T. Gersh, R. Stickgold, C. Salzman, J.A. Hobson: Effects of fluvoxamine and paroxetine on sleep structure in normal subjects: a home-based Nightcap evaluation during drug administration and withdrawal, J Clin Psychiatry, 2001 Aug, 62, 8, 642-652.

A.C.P. Sims (President, Royal College of Psychiatrists). Unpublished correspondence, 6 February 1992.

Sindrup SH, Brosen K, Gram LF. Pharmacokinetics of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor of paroxetine: nonlinearity and relation to the sparteine oxidation polymorphism. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 1992, 5, 3, 288-295.

I. Skottowe, Drugs in the treatment of depression, Lancet 1955, May 8, 1129.

A. Smith, E. Traganza, G. Harrison, Studies on the Effectiveness of Antidepressant Drugs. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, (Special issue), March 1969, 1-53.

Smithkline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, What you should know about ‘Seroxat’ tablets, in Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), Compendium of Patient Information Leaflets 1996/97, London: Datapharm Publications, 1996, 1028-1029.

F. Song, N. Freemantle, T.A. Sheldon, et al., Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: meta-analysis of efficacy and acceptability. Brit Med J 1993, 306, 683-7.

M.J. Spencer, Fluoxetine Hydrochloride (Prozac) Toxicity in a Neonate. Pediatrics 1993 Nov, 92 (5), 721-2.

Spijker J, de Graaf R, Bijl RV, Duration of major depressive episodes in the general population: results from the Netherlands mental health survey and incidence study (NEMESIS), Br. J. Psychiatry, 2002, 181, 208-212

M.M.S. Stahl, M. Lindquist, M. Pettersson, I.R. Edwards, J.H.Sanderson, N.F.Taylor, Withdrawal reactions with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as reported to the WHO system, Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., (Accepted for publication, 1997)

M.B.Stein, M.J. Chartier, A.L. Hazen, C.D.L. Kroft, R.A. Chale, D Coté, J.R. Walker, Paroxetine in the treatment of generalised social phobia: open-label treatment and double-blind placebo- controlled discontinuation, J. Clin Psychopharmacol, 16 (3), June 1996, 218-222.

J W Stewart, F M Quitkin, P J McGrath, J Amsterdam, M Fava, J Fawcett, F Reimherr, J Rosenbaum, C Beasley, P Roback: Use of Pattern Analysis to Predict Differential Relapse of Remitted Patients with Major Depression During 1 Year of Treatment with Fluoxetine or Placebo: Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1998, September, 55, 334-443.

J.A. Stiskal, N. Kulin, G. Koren, T. Ho, S. Ito: Neonatal paroxetine withdrawal syndrome (short report of four cases), Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 2001, 84, F134-F135. See comment (and author's response) by Ibister et al. in Arch Dis Child Fetal Ed, 2001, Sept, 85(2), F147-148

J.A. Stoukides, C.A. Stoukides, Extrapyramidal symptoms upon discontinuation of fluoxetine, Am. J. Psychiatry, 1991 September, 148, 9, 1263.

G.M. Strickland, D.W. Hough, Unilateral facial numbness and visual blurring associated with paroxetine discontinuation (letter), J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000 April, 20(2), 271-272

T. Suppes, R.J. Baldessarini, N. Motohashi, L. Tondo, A.C. Viguera, Special treatment issues: maintaining and discontinuing psychotropic medications. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry 1997, 25, 235-254.

E. Szabadi, Fluvoxamine withdrawal syndrome. Brit J Psychiatry 1992 Feb, 160, 283-284.

A. Tamam, N. Ozpoyraz, Selective serotonin reuptake  Adv Ther, 2002 Jan-Feb, 19, 1, 17-26

Taylor D: Truth withdrawal, Open Mind (National Association for Mental Health), September/October 1999, 16

M.H. Teicher, C.A. Glod, J.O. Cole, Antidepressant drugs and the emergence of suicidal tendencies, Drug Safety, 1993, 8, 3, 186-212.

Terao T, Misdiagnosis of antidepressant discontinuation symptoms, Acta Psychiatr Scand, 2001 104(1), 77-78

M.E. Thase (for the Venlafaxine XR209 Study Group), Efficacy and tolerability of Once-Daily Venlafaxine Extended Release (XR) in Outpatients with major depression, J Clin Psychiatry, September 1997, 58 (9), 393-398.

F. Therrien, J.S. Markowitz: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and withdrawal symptoms: a review of the literature, Human Psychopharmacology, 1997, 12, 309-323.

L. Thomas, The health-care system, in The Medusa and the Snail - more notes of a biology watcher, New York: Bantam, 1979.

- In A. Briggs, J. Shelley, eds., Science, Medicine and the Community: the last hundred years, Amsterdam: Exerpta Medica, 1986, 19.

C. Thompson: Discontinuation of antidepressant therapy: emerging complications and their relevance. J Clin Psychiatry 1998 Oct, 59:10, 541-8

G.D. Tollefson, Adverse drug reactions/interactions in maintenance therapy. J Clin Psychiatry 1993 Aug, 54 (8 Suppl), 48-58.

A. Toufexis, The personality pill, Time, 11 October 1993, 53-54.

P. Toynbee: Radio Times, 13-19 August, 1995, p 22.

A.B. Tracey, Prozac - Panacea or Pandora ?, Salt Lake City, Cassia Publications, 1994.

R. Tranter, D. Healy, Neuroleptic discontinuation syndromes, Journal of Psychopharmacology, 1998, 12(3), 306-311.

T. Trenque, D. Piednoir, C. Frances, H. Millart, M.L. Germain: Reports of withdrawal syndrome with the use of SSRIs: a case/non-case study in the French Pharmacovigilance database. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 2002 Jun, 11, 4, 281-283

C. Turkington, E.F. Kaplan: Making the Prozac decision - A guide to antidepressants, Los Angeles: RGA Publishing Group, 1995.

P. Tyrer, H.D. Rutherford, T. Hugget, Benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms and propanolol. Lancet, 7 March 1981, 520-522.

US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research: Sample written request for antidepressants (re: requirements for safety, efficacy and other studies relating to treatment of pediatric depression), 10 September 1999. See: http://www.fda.gov/cder/pediatric/antidepressant_wr_template.htm

P. Tyrer, Stress diathesis and pharmacological dependence, (comment on Healy and Tranter, 1999) J Psychopharmacol., 1999, 13(3), 294-295.

M.S. van Noorden, A.C. Vergouwen, G.F. Koerselman, (In Dutch - Re: delirium in venlafaxine withdrawal), Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 2002, June 29, 146, 26, 1236-1237.

H. Van Praag, Psychiatry and the march of folly?, interview with D. Healy in The Psychopharmacologists, London: Chapman & Hall (Altman), 1996, 367.

G. Venning, Antidepressant drugs have previously been shown to be ineffective in mild depression, Brit. Med. J., 29 January 2000, 320, 311

A.C Vergouwen, T. Kuipers, Severe withdrawal symptoms with fever upon stopping paroxetine (letter, in Dutch), Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 28 August 1999, 143(35), 1794-5, discussion 1795-6.

A.C. Viguera, R.J. Baldessarini, J. Friedberg, Discontinuing antidepressant treatment in major depression, Harvard Rev Psychiatry, 1998, 5, 293-306

G.S. Wade Controlled withdrawal for psychotropic drugs, Lancet 2000 May 20, 355(9217); 1822-1823.

M. Walker-Kinnear, S. McNaughton, Paroxetine discontinuation syndrome in association with sertindole therapy, Brit J Psychiatry, April 1997, 170, 389.

J.F. Wernicke et al., Psychopharmacol Bull, 1988, 24: 183 (Cited in Med Lett Drugs Ther, 7 September 1990, 32(826), 83-85, and 16 November 1990, 32(831), 106.

Whittington C.J, Kendall T, Fonagy P, Cottrell D, Cotgrove A, Boddington E. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood depression: systematic review of published versus unpublished data. Lancet, 2004 (24 April), 363, 9418, 1341-1345.      

Wolpert L, Malignant Sadness - The anatomy of depression, London: Faber & Faber, 1999

World Health Organisation (Anon), Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and withdrawal reactions, WHO Drug Information, 1998, 12, 3, 136-138

World Health Organisation Expert Committee, New Approaches to health education in primary health care (TRS No. 460), WHO, Geneva, 1983.

WHO. The International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10, Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders, clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 1992.

WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. 13th report, WHO Technical Report Series No 273. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 1964.

- 28th report, WHO Technical Report Series No 836. Geneva: WHO, 1993.

- Uppsala Monitoring Centre: print out of drugs most reported to cause withdrawal problems indicative of dependence, dated 27 January 2001. (Extract lists drugs for which 100 or more reports have been received)

- WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, Paper adopted at the 33^rd meeting of ECDD, Geneva, 27 September 2002.

M. Z. Wincor: Withdrawal symptoms associated with abrupt discontinuation of SSRIs, J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash), 1998, July-August, 38(4), 500-501.

J. Wise: ECT clinics are below standard, Brit. Med. J., 25 January 1997, 314, 248.

P. Wise, M. Drury, Pharmaceutical trials in general practice: the first 100 protocols. An audit by the clinical research ethics committee of the Royal College of General Practitioners, Brit. Med. J., 16 November 1996, 313, 1245-1248.

K.L. Wisner, A.J. Gelenberg, H. Leonard, D. Zarin, E. Frank, Pharmacologic treatment of depression during pregnancy, JAMA, 6 October 1999, 282(13), 1264-1269.

R.M. Wolfe, Antidepressant withdrawal reactions, American Family Physician, August 1997, 56 (2) (page numbers unknown).

E. Wurtzel, Prozac Nation: Young and depressed in America, London: Quartet, 1996.

Wyeth Laboratories, Efexor (venlafaxine) product information, in Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), Compendium of Data Sheets and Summaries of Product Characteristics 1996/97, London: Datapharm Publications, 1996; and in Physicians’ Desk Reference, 50th edition, Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Co, 1996, 2719-2723.

- user information, in Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI), Compendium of Patient Information Leaflets 1996/97, London: Datapharm Publications, 1996.

P. Yapp, K.F. Ilett, J. H. Kristensen, L.P, Hackett, M.J. Paech, Drowsiness and poor feeding in breast-fed infant: association with nefazodone and its metabolites, Ann Pharmacocother 2000 Nov, 34(11), 1269-1272

A.H. Young, A Currie, Physicians' knowledge of antidepressant withdrawal effects: a survey, J Clin Psychiatry, 1997, 58 (suppl 7), 28-30.

A. Young, P. Haddad: Discontinuation symptoms and psychotropic drugs (letter): The Lancet, 355, 1 April 2000, 1184

J. Zajecka, K.A. Tracy, S. Mitchell, Discontinuation symptoms after treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a literature review, J Clin. Psychiatry, July 1997, 58, 7, 291-297.

J Zajecka, M D Fawcett, J Amsterdam, F Quitkin, F Reimherr, J Rosenbaum, D Michelson, C Beasley: Safety of Abrupt Discontinuation of Fluoxetine: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Study, J. Clin Psychopharmacol., 1998, 18, 3, 193-197.

J.M. Zito, D.J. Safer, S. dosReis, J.F.Gardner, M. Boles, F. Lynch, Trends in the prescribing of psychotropic medications to preschoolers, JAMA, 23 February 2000, 283(8), 1025-1030.

G.S. Zubenko, B.M. Cohen, J.F. Lipinski, Antidepressant-related akathisia, J. Clin. Psychopharmacology, 1987, 7, 254-257

 

Contents page